Plectis
Erdős problem #1041

Short connections inside polynomial lemniscates

For a monic polynomial whose roots lie in the open unit disc, must two roots be joinable by a curve of length less than two inside the open unit lemniscate?

Open 1 Lean modules 2 main results Source directory

What is checked in Lean

  • Along a trajectory tangent to the complex Newton vector field -f/f', the polynomial value satisfies w' = -w.
  • The exponentially rescaled polynomial value is a first integral, so the value of a Newton trajectory remains on one oriented ray.
  • A finite Newton-flow connection can only join endpoints whose polynomial values lie on the same positive ray; distinct critical-value arguments therefore exclude such a connection.
  • For two translated critical values, the ray-collision locus is a real affine line with an exact one-parameter description.
  • A finite family of ray-collision lines can be avoided by an arbitrarily small common translation.
  • An explicit root-retention estimate keeps roots of a sufficiently small constant perturbation inside the unit disc.

Main results

Statements and boundaries are copied from the corpus record. Registry status: not_registered; the claim registry does not carry these declarations and kernel checking them does not promote them into reviewed public claims

What is not checked

  • Erdos Problem 1041 in unrestricted degree.
  • The spanning-tree decomposition claimed in the March 2026 manuscript; its printed Proposition 12 proof uses an invalid three-ended local saddle block.
  • A proof or counterexample for Proposition 12 itself; a four-pronged or cut-annulus repair may still exist.
  • A perturbation theorem that first makes critical values injective while preserving the relevant lemniscate component, collars, and strict length slack.
  • The global planar decomposition and metric gluing needed to obtain a curve of length less than two.

Open obligations

Prove any one of these and the corresponding reduction above becomes unconditional.

  • repair_or_refute_saddle_block Replace the false three-ended interior saddle neighbourhood by a valid four-pronged or cut-annulus block and reprove the required incidence statement, or construct a polynomial counterexample to that incidence statement.
  • compact_ray_cut_strip_decomposition Build a compact strip or cell decomposition after cutting along critical-value rays, without presupposing the unproved local valence count.
  • metric_gluing_below_two Glue the local pieces with strict quantitative slack while preserving the sharp one-over-two-pi length bookkeeping.
  • two_stage_stable_perturbation First separate critical values, then apply the checked small translation, while retaining roots, the selected component, collars, ray separation, and a strict length margin.
  • relative_global_newton_flow_theorem Prove the global relative Newton-flow theorem that turns the checked ray separation into the required root-to-root curve inside the original open lemniscate.

Lean modules

ModuleLinesDeclarationsTheorems
ErdosProblems.Erdos1041.NewtonFlowRaySeparation 323 21 18

Comparator review

The Comparator replays selected exact interfaces against a pinned toolchain. It never widens what Lean proved.

Replayed by the Comparator

Statement and type parity replayed against the pinned toolchain.

  • Collision translations are parameterised by real affine lines and an arbitrarily small common translation avoids finitely many of them.

    The finite-family avoidance theorem does not perform the global topology or metric gluing.

    translation_avoidance · targeted

  • A quantified small constant perturbation keeps every polynomial root inside the open unit disc.

    Root retention is one input to a still-incomplete route.

    root_retention · targeted

Represented indirectly

Covered through a neighbouring selected interface, not replayed one-to-one.

  • Distinct positive rays exclude a finite Newton connection.

    The result is a route obstruction, not the global theorem.

    ray_separation · represented_by_translation_avoidance_targets

Outside the Comparator selection

Stated in the corpus; not part of the replayed interface set.

  • The Newton value equation and its exponential first integral are checked exactly.

    Value decay alone does not give a short connecting curve.

    newton_value_decay · not_selected_compact_calculus_family

  • The paper identifies an invalid local saddle block in a claimed unrestricted proof.

    The diagnosis does not prove that no repair exists.

    published_proof_gap · not_applicable_not_a_lean_proposition

  • A bounded search records finite geometric evidence.

    Finite evidence does not settle the universal problem.

    lemniscate_finite_search · not_applicable_not_a_lean_theorem

The paper

Problem note 10 pp

Newton Flow and Critical-Value Ray Separation

Along the complex Newton field, Lean checks that the polynomial value decays as exp(-t) and therefore stays on one oriented ray. It formalises the resulting no-connection criterion, the exact translation ray-collision locus, finite-line avoidance, and a root-retention bound. A recent manuscript's load-bearing Proposition 12 uses an invalid three-ended local block at an interior Morse saddle, diagnosed here independently and matching Tao's public account of the same defect; the proposition is not refuted and may admit a four-pronged or cut-annulus repair. The global topology and length gluing remain open.