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Threshold and positive-energy bound states of the BFSS matrix model

OpenAI groups related papers into a “family”. OpenAI’s catalogue describes this one:

Proves that the undeformed relative \(\mathrm{SU}(N)\) BFSS model has exactly one normalizable zero-energy state for every finite N ≥ 2, resolving the threshold-bound-state conjecture. For \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\), a companion proves infinitely many normalizable positive-energy eigenstates with unbounded energies, contradicting the original BFSS paper’s exclusion of additional bound states at N = 2.

The release has no Lean statement for this family, so there is no formal statement to compare with the result described above.

What the papers state

The paper states

Theorem 1.1

In The unique threshold bound state of the SU(N) BFSS model, 24 September 2026

Possible match to OpenAI’s description, selected from shared wording. No review confirming the selection is recorded.

For every integer N\ge2,

\dim\Ker H_N=1.

The kernel consists of \Spin(9)-invariant states and is even in the fermion grading just specified.

The release does not say which paper theorem its catalogue describes. The statement above shares the most wording with the description; the atlas has not reviewed that choice. Identifying it is listed under Questions awaiting review.

One more possible match

  • Theorem 1.1 in Positive eigenvalues of the relative SU(2) BFSS Hamiltonian, 5 October 2026.
Reported proof verification
The release has no Lean statement for this family. The papers are available to read and assess.

Papers

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The unique threshold bound state of the SU(N) BFSS model

24 September 2026, current edition.

Read it herePDF

For every finite N ≥ 2, we prove that undeformed \(\mathop{\mathrm{SU}}\nolimits (N)\) BFSS matrix quantum mechanics has exactly one normalizable zero-energy state after removing the center of mass. This establishes the threshold-bound-state conjecture.

Positive eigenvalues of the relative SU(2) BFSS Hamiltonian

5 October 2026, current edition.

Read it herePDF

We prove that the relative \(\mathop{\mathrm{SU}}\nolimits (2)\) BFSS Hamiltonian has infinitely many positive eigenvalues tending to infinity, with square-integrable eigenvectors. The operator is defined by closing the gauge-invariant supercharge form. This refutes, at N = 2, the exclusion of normalizable positive-energy states stated in the original BFSS paper.

Lean statements

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Independent comparisons and proof-verification reports

Does the Lean express the advertised result?

The release contains no Lean statement for this family, so there is no formal statement to compare with OpenAI’s description.

Explanations by others

Explanations of this family written elsewhere, by the people named. Each is their own reading of the mathematics.

  • Yixin Ma, OpenAI mathematical physics, 25 families: a Chinese guided reading, 7 October 2026. Source

    Chinese guided reading of this family that compares the manuscripts’ main theorems with their abstracts and flags boundary conditions and limit orders that change the physical reading; drafted with Codex and not a re-proof.

What these papers cite in the release, and what cites them

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Papers elsewhere in the release that this family’s papers cite

This family’s papers cite no paper elsewhere in the release.

Papers elsewhere in the release that cite this family’s papers

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References outside the release

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What people have said

Commentary on this family by others, dated and credited. It is commentary, not a finding.

  • An unsigned public tier list, the OpenAI Math Tier List, classes it as a proof and rates its significance, if it holds up, as “Career-defining publication”. The page says that nothing on it is verified.

    Author not stated. Source

Questions awaiting review

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Identify the theorem the catalogue describes

  • Family 270 No single paper statement clearly matches OpenAI’s description by wording, and no review identifying the intended theorem is recorded. Open the form

State the result in Lean

  • Family 270 The release has no Lean statement for this family. Open the form